Aizu Lacquerware, a Traditional Craft of Fukushima, Connecting Aizu Lacquerware and the Modern Age [Lacquer and Rock

  • Fukushima
  • Experience Gifu
Aizu lacquerware is made by applying lacquer over and over again

What is Aizu lacquerware?

Have you ever heard of Aizu lacquerware?

Lacquerware production took root in Aizu in earnest during the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1573-1600), when Ujisato Gamo, who became lord of Aizu on the orders of Hideyoshi Toyotomi, encouraged the craft of lacquerware as an industry. Ujisato invited woodworkers and lacquers from Hino (Shiga Prefecture), his former domain, and had them pass down the techniques of lacquer craftsmanship.
This led to the dramatic progress of Aizu lacquerware, which became a major production center that handled everything from the cultivation of lacquer and the production of wood and other materials to the creation of lacquerware through the division of labor.
Aizu lacquerware is made of wood from the surrounding mountains, such as horse chestnut, zelkova, and bamboos, and is finished with multiple coats of lacquer.
Life with Aizu lacquerware

Young communicators working in Aizu

Wataru Kainuma
There is a person who stands at the forefront of the 400-year tradition of Aizu lacquerware and works as a communicator to connect modern life and lacquerware. A person who stands at the forefront of the 400-year tradition of Aizu lacquerware and acts as a communicator between modern life and lacquer. Mr. Ko Kainuma is the president of Lacquer and Rock Co. After graduating from university in Tokyo, Mr. Kainuma moved to Aizu, and at the age of 25, he visited an Aizu lacquerware workshop and became fascinated with lacquer.
He then started his current company, and in 2015, he launched "Meguru," a line of lacquerware that fulfills a recycling-oriented way of life.
In pursuit of the comfortable texture and mouth feel of lacquerware and its gentle shape that makes you want to pick it up, she has been working as a "tactile advisor" and an attendant at "Dialogue in the Dark," a social entertainment program in the dark. We have invited blind people to participate in the development of our products as "tactile advisors".
The company's products include three sets of bowls (Horizontal and Nichigetsu) and a lacquer spoon (Meguru no spoon) modeled after the bowls used in Zen training, as well as flatware, sake cups, folding mats, and bowls with lids, etc. The company received the Good Design Award in 2015 and 2020, and the Wood Design Award in 2015.

Thoughts on Aizu Lacquer Ware


We spoke with Mr. Kainuma about the materials and manufacturing process of lacquerware and why he was attracted to Aizu lacquerware.

-What kind of existence did lacquer have for the Japanese people in the first place?

Japan is a "land of trees" blessed with forest resources. Since ancient times, the basic principle of craftsmanship has been to use wood as a material. Lacquer, a natural paint, is one of the basic cultural elements of Japan, which protects wooden products while enhancing their beauty and texture for long-lasting use.
Lacquer" is the only type of tree that uses the Chinese character "sanzui" (sanzu) instead of the wooden part. The " " in the "tsukuri" part of the character for lacquer represents a scratch on the wood that causes a drip of juice to trickle out, which itself represents the scene of collecting lacquer solution. The sap of the lacquer tree has always been important to the people of Japan. The relationship between lacquer and the Japanese people dates back to the Jomon period (10,000 years ago).
Lacquer trees and sap
Lacquer tree

-What is the appeal of lacquerware to Mr. Kainuma?

Wood has a gentle sound, lightness and reassuring warmth. Lacquer" has a moist luster and fluffy skin. The pleasure of having a delicious and gently prepared meal every day. I think these are the greatest charms of lacquerware. As I myself often say, and as my customers often say to me, the older I get, the more I appreciate lacquerware.

-What are the characteristics and appeal of Aizu lacquerware?

The wood is cut from the mountains that stretch across Okuaizu, the base of the vessel is made, and then the lacquer is applied over and over again, with various decorations added at the end. Lacquerware is made by a division of labor, and I think it is wonderful that such a series of processes can still be completed in a single production area.
Aizu lacquerware has both elegance and refinement. The decoration is not overly glamorous, as is typical of a castle town in a snow country, and I feel that it reflects the temperament of the Aizu people.
Aizu lacquerware is also known as "hana-nuri," or "flower lacquering." After the final coat is applied, the lacquerware is left to dry. After that, it is not sharpened to a fine finish, so it has a matte and gentle texture. It is also a vessel that "grows on you" as you use it, with the luster gradually and naturally increasing.
Creation of the wooden base
Aizu lacquerware finished with flower lacquering

-What attracted you to Aizu lacquerware in the first place?

I was not born and raised in Aizu (I was born in Fukushima City), and my family's business had nothing to do with lacquer. After graduating from university in Tokyo, I moved to Aizu Wakamatsu for work and happened to visit a lacquerware workshop there, which is how I became fascinated with lacquerware. Lacquerware had been a mystery to me until then, but when I saw it being produced, I realized that lacquerware is made entirely from the blessings of trees. I was deeply moved when I saw the process of making lacquerware and learned that it takes decades of work by human hands to create a single piece of lacquerware.
At that time, I felt the "rock soul" of craftsmen who are faithful to their beliefs when I saw their dedication to their craftsmanship and their devotion to the materials they work with, without being influenced by the times.

-What was your passion for "Urushi and Rock"? Could you tell us about the projects and initiatives of "Urushi and Rock"?

My job is to work with craftspeople to make lacquerware and pass on its qualities, but over the past 10 years or so, I have always wondered, "What is the point of continuing to make things in the future?" I have been thinking about this question for the past 10 years.
Of course, making things and using things are the starting point of human beings, but the mass production, mass consumption, and mass disposal type of manufacturing that has continued for the past hundred years is reaching its limits. What kind of craftsmanship should we aim for in this era of "surplus" products due to a decreasing population, rather than the "shortage" of products we have seen in the past?
The lacquerware industry has also been swallowed up by the wave of mass production, but I believe that we need to restore a recycling-oriented approach to manufacturing that coexists in harmony with nature. Lacquer has the power to do this.

Therefore, our "Meguru" lacquerware is produced in "the right amount and at the right speed," and we produce 1,000 bowls a year, only once a year, by reservation. The base of the bowls, horse chestnut, and the lacquer solution used for the top coat are purchased directly from lumberjacks and lacquer scrapers in Aizu and the Tohoku region, with a view to production several years in the future. We then have a three-month order period each winter, during which we make a batch of vessels for everyone who has made a reservation, from spring to fall. By making a large number of pieces, neither too many nor too few, in an appropriate amount of time and according to the optimum climate, we are able to effectively protect and utilize domestic materials, and our craftsmen are able to produce solid work with peace of mind, resulting in lacquer ware of reliable quality.

At the same time, we call the waiting period at Meguru "totsukitooka," and we inform customers of the production process (how their own vessels are growing) through seasonal newsletters and videos. The vessels that we receive in this way are repainted and repaired by young artisans in the production area, so that they can be used for generations to come. Furthermore, a portion of the proceeds from the sales of the vessels will be donated to the planting of lacquer trees in Aizu. As the name "Meguru" suggests, we hope that these vessels will be nurtured in a good cycle that transcends generations, both for the materials, the makers, and the users.
Meguru lacquerware
Product development utilizes the special sensitivity of the visually impaired Dialogue in the Dark attendees

-I understand that you are also involved in activities to plant lacquer trees.

Yes, especially this year, we newly established a voluntary organization with Mr. Takeshi Hirai, a lacquer painter, and Mr. Yuki Tsuchiya, a farmer, to start test planting of lacquer trees on abandoned farmland in Inawashiro Town. We started this project to solve two problems at the same time, namely, the problem of animal damage to farmland in satoyama and the shortage of domestic lacquer supply, and to create liveliness and human interaction in the community. Our goal is to create a new model for protecting domestic lacquer, and we hope that many people will visit the site of this new challenge.
From left: Takeshi Hirai, Wataru Kainuma, Yuki Tsuchiya

-Finally, could you give a message to everyone?

Urushi, the etymology of the word is said to be "Uruwashi" or "lusciousness. Please come and touch the moist and beautiful skin of lacquer, just like the surface of a quiet lake covered with a thin mist.
It is said that people eat 80,000 times in their lifetime. What kind of lacquerware will you live with in the future?
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